Evolution of Medicare Essay

Dynamic The article quickly depicts about the Medicare and its advantages. The article likewise clarifies the escape clauses in the Medicare strategy and why it comes up short on certain indispensable perspectives. At long last in the finishing up comments I have clarified the ill defined situations where the Medicare needs some correction and improvement to help fill its need. Development of Medicare As indicated by the US Department of Health and Human Services, Medicare is expressed as a medical coverage program for individuals matured 65 years or more or individuals with inabilities yet under 65 years old as well as individuals experiencing end-stage renal malady, for example, perpetual kidney disappointment. Diane Rowland expressed that Medicaid began dependent on buddy enactment instituted in 1965 giving â€Å"federal coordinating awards to states to fund care.† As indicated by Tricia Neuman, Medicare covers around 41 million individuals with 35 million older and 6 million crippled beneath 65 years old. Medicare can be grouped into following parts: Section A †Inpatient emergency clinic care and restricted talented nursing care Part B †Physician administrations and other outpatient emergency clinic administrations Part C †HMO’s and other private consideration (Combination of Part An and Part B) Part D †Outpatient physician recommended tranquilize inclusion.  The US Department of Health and Human Services expressed that an individual is qualified for Medicare if S/he or life partner has been utilized for at least â€Å"10 years in a Medicare secured government employment† and is 65 years or above and a perpetual occupant cum resident of the US. A person beneath 65 years old however experiencing an incapacity or end-stage renal illness would likewise fit the bill to profit of Medicare administrations. As indicated by the National Medicare Commission a portion of the significant focuses to be noted are as per the following: Without change Part An of trust finance will undoubtedly get bankrupt in the year 2008. Medicare recipients are as of now paying 30% of their social insurance costs from their pockets for things, for example, premiums, administrations and items not secured under Medicare. The Annual Medicare consumption is relied upon to ascend in the scope of $2.2 trillion to $3 trillion by 2030. Subsequently the Medicare spending would possess a â€Å"larger part of the government budget† and subsidizing for other significant projects like national barrier, equity, wellbeing and security and natural assurance will conceivably get influenced. As indicated by Holly Sklar, other than being exorbitant the US positions 29th in World Health Organization solid future rankings and pitiful to take note of that US is behind 36 different nations in youngster mortality old enough under five years. As indicated by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) the United States beat with a 15% spending of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on wellbeing in 2003 in contrast with a normal of 8.6% spending in 30 other OECD nations. In spite of the way that US tops among the OECD nations in spending from its GDP, a portion of the frightening realities are that it has lesser number of doctors, medical caretakers and emergency clinic beds per individual and less MRI and CT scanners than a normal OECD country. â€Å"Lack of medical coverage is slaughtering a lot a bigger number of Americans than terrorism.† After a concise conversation about Medicare, plainly changes need to happen on a quick premise to stay away from chapter 11 of Part An of trust finance and the means appear to be moving a correct way as to charging higher premiums to those with higher salaries, in this way getting uniformity in medicines. An imperfection redressed as of late was in regard of outpatient tranquilize advantage, however there should be some greater improvement to give long haul mind and furthermore give listening devices, eyeglasses and dental consideration. References Medicare Eligibility Tool. The US Department of Health and Human Services. Page recovered from: http://www.medicare.gov/MedicareEligibility/home.asp?dest=NAV%7CHome%7CGeneralEnrollment&version=default&browser=IE%7C7%7CWinXP&language=English Diane Rowland. Medicaid: The Basics (2005). Kaiser Commission on Medicaid. Powerpoint introduction accessible on: http://www.kaiseredu.org/instructional exercises/medicaidbasics/medicaid.html Tricia Neuman. Medicare 101 (2005). The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Powerpoint introduction accessible on: http://www.kaiseredu.org/instructional exercises/Medicare%20101/Medicare101.html National Medicare Commission. The Facts About Medicare. National Bipartisan Commission on the Future of Medicare. Page recovered from: http://medicare.commission.gov/medicare/factpage4.html Holly Sklar. Time for Health Care for All on Medicare’s 40th Anniversary (2005). Governmental issues of Health. page recovered from: http://politicsofhealth.org/primary/time_for_health_care_for_all_on_medicare_s_40th_anniversary

In your own practice, which of the classification systems would be Essay

In your own training, which of the grouping frameworks would be generally favorable - Essay Example As nursing formed into to a greater degree a calling and a calling, it additionally turned out to be certain that there should have been a standard of nursing characterization dialects which would be meaningful through all the controls, for getting cases and determinations, yet in addition to help the individuals who were leading exploration and should have been ready to get the terms during case examine. Presently, there are three nursing arrangement dialects regularly being used and are likewise globally based, assisting with proof based interchanges across outskirts and furthermore over the orders. They are used inside the normalized nursing dialects (SNL) which comprise of three parts: evaluation, issue recognizable proof and issue the board (Allred, Smith and Flowers, 2004). The association was established in the U.S.A. in 1982, in view of the National Conference Group team that initially sorted out in 1973 to build up a durable framework for recording analyze. In 2002, NANDA turned into a worldwide gathering, in this way making the ways for an increasingly worldwide sharing of more than 200 proof based determinations through a typical normalized nursing language (NANDA, 2012, web). This is utilized in tending to quiet indications and responses to diseases and wounds and is recorded by medical attendants through an arrangement of issues, etiology and signs/manifestations (PES). A case of an announcement for a patient who has discombobulation (issue) is that there is an absence of water consumption under overwhelming physical effort (etiology) and the patient has dry mouth and next to no pee stream (signs) (Allred et al, 2004, p. 57). The NOC is involved more than 190 patient results that attendants can allude to and it is a three-layer handling arrangement of seven areas, 29 classes of results and 260 ultimate results. These are worried about data with respect to the patient’s environmental factors and condition that envelops relatives, network and every ha a doled out

Gandhi - His Influence In The Nonviolent Movement Essays

Gandhi - His Influence in the Nonviolent Movement I think Mohandas Gandhi was one of the most noteworthy people in the twentieth century. He was the person who demonstrated that it is conceivable to battle extremely effective without viciousness. He battled as long as he can remember with mankind, resilience, thoughts and without savagery. He demonstrated the route to a superior world. Also, still today there are numerous individuals who love him and who utilize his way of thinking to change the world. A significant model is the battle against wars. Typically individuals who battle against a war attempt to battle without savagery. They walk through urban communities and do whatever it takes not to go to the war or something to that effect. Another famous model is the battle against atomic vitality or atomic weapons. Demonstrators sit on the street before an atomic force station or square the method of trucks or prepares, which convey atomic waste. Or then again, very mainstream model, the French trial of atomic weapons in the pacific. Individuals restricted them and the press everywhere the world was discussing these tests. That was peaceful obstruction. Walks everywhere throughout the world and other peaceful activities. What's more, another genuine model is Greenpeace. They battle for the nature and their most significant weapon is people in general. They don't utilize brutality yet they utilize the press. The activities, they do are very fabulous and intriguing for the entire world. Numerous individuals everywhere throughout the world concur with what they are doing. A model for not utilizing brutality regardless of whether others use it against them was the point at which they went extremely near where the French needed to test their atomic weapons and the French troopers entered their pontoon and crushed loads of things and hit the Greenpeace activists. And every one of that was shot by Greenpeace and these photos were sent all over the world and came in the news all over the place. Additionally Martin Luther King didn't utilize savagery in his battle for the privileges of the dark individuals in America. A model, which we all observe and experience every once in a while is the strike. Gandhi made the strike as a way of battling well known and today is as yet utilized all the time. Toward the beginning of the twentieth century the British Empire was the greatest realm on the planet. India was it's greatest state and was critical to Britain. Gandhi figured out how to get India free of the British. The greatest Empire on the planet lost a war of freedom against a nation like India which not in any case utilized viciousness and great weapons for it's battles. That was an indication for the world. Furthermore, particularly for different nations governed by the British. It was then that a large number of those nations saw their chance for autonomy. Gandhi indicated them the way. What's more, that was one of the fundamental driver for the autonomy of huge numbers of those nations. In the 1960's most provinces in Africa got free and furthermore Indochina got autonomous. I imagine that was likewise something Gandhi caused or helped causing. Gandhi battled for the privileges of minorities and individuals who were pushed down as long as he can remember. He urged each one to go to bat for their privileges and to battle against savagery. He demonstrated the entire world that it is so natural to battle for rights and how effective it very well may be if there are numerous individuals battling for something very similar together. Numerous individuals in the entire world chose to begin battling for their privileges when they understood how fruitful Gandhi was. That was the beginning of numerous battles for humankind and for privileges of minorities. Genuine models are the battles of the blacks in North America. Particularly Martin Luther King battled affected by things Gandhi had said. Or on the other hand the battles in South America under Ch? Guevara or even the battles of Aborigines in Australia. Be that as it may, those are just a couple of models. Battles for rights occurred and still happen everywhere throughout the world over and over in light of the fact that there are consistently individuals who push others down. I think Gandhi had a major influence in the battle for humankind and the privileges of minorities. I think Gandhi was is as yet an exceptionally huge individual. He altered individuals' perspectives and opened heaps of people groups minds. Still today when individuals see the film that was made about his life and his quarrels they thoroughly consider

The Societal Marketing Concept Research Assignment - 550 Words

How Societal Marketing Depends On The Business Requirements And Consumer Needs (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Professor:Course:Date:The Societal Marketing ConceptIntroductionThe societal marketing concept affirms that a corporate should make decisions regarding market by putting into consideration the business requirements, consumers needs and the long-term interests of a society (Carroll and Ann). The concept ensures that there is a companys responsibility for social and sustainable growth and development.A business organization should not ignore the society at large and its vision and mission should also address the welfare of the society. In addition, a company should ensure that there is environmentally friendly and moral action plan and ensure laws are properly implemented. The latter is advantageous to small businesses in the following ways;Companys imageThe concept helps to create a good image of small businesses. This, in turn, helps the company to get more customers. When the society welfare is put into consideration, people in the society are encouraged to buy from small businesses (Kotler, et.al). This results in rapid growth of small firms. The good image also helps to encounter stiff competition from other businesses.Increase in sales volumeWhen the societal marketing concept is applied in small businesses, people are encouraged to buy more and more from these businesses. The concept creates a long-term society relationship (Carroll and Ann). This, in turn, increases sales volume of these firms. It is, therefore, important for small businesses to apply this concept in their operations.Maximization of profitsThe increase in sales volume increases the small firms profit. The more the sales made, the more the profit made. This also leads to a sustainable development of such firms. When businesses increase their profits, their growth is usually rapid, thus, on maximiz...

Nevis in the West Indies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 514 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Alexander Hamilton Essay Did you like this example? On January 11, 1755 or 1757, the exact date is unknown, on the island of Nevis in the West Indies, one of our founding fathers Alexander Hamilton was born. His parents were Rachel Fawcett Lavien, his mother, who was of British and French huguenot descent, and James Hamilton, his father, a Scottish trader. Before Alexander was born, his mother married to John Lavien, a merchant she was pressured to marry by her parents when she was young. Together, they had a son named Peter. Her husband was abusive to her and he spent nearly all the money she had inherited after her fathers death in 1745. Lavien even had her imprisoned for adultery. After she was released from prison, instead of returning to Lavien and her child, she fled her abusive marriage and moved to St. Kitts, where she had met and moved in with James Hamilton. She had another son James, Alexanders older brother who was born in 1753. After moving back, James abandoned them when Alexander was only but a child, leaving them poor and in poverty. At 11 years old, Hamilton took his first job after his father left. After trying to support her children and herself by working, his mother had become sick and died in 1768. Alexanders boss was a businessman who was impressed majorly by his ambitious and bright employee, his name was Nicolas Cruger. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Nevis in the West Indies" essay for you Create order To leave Nevis and better his education Hamilton impressed Knox with a letter he had written describing a hurricane from 1772 that had hit the island. In 1773, when he was 16 years old, he arrived in New York, where he enrolled in Kings College. Despite his gratitude toward his patrons, Hamilton was more drawn to politics than he was to studying. In 1774, he wrote a political article defending Patriots and their cause. As a fast learner, Hamilton believed himself capable of becoming a self-made man. With his intent on learning through experience, he left Kings College before he could graduate to join the Patriots for their protest against taxes. In 1775, the Revolutionary War began, and Hamilton became a part of the Provincial Artillery Company in New York and had fought in the battles of Trenton, Long Island, and White Plains. After Hamilton fought in the 1777 battles of Germantown, Princeton, and Brandywine Creek, he had been promoted to be a lieutenant colonel of the Continental Army. Hamilton had caught the attention of George Washington in his early services where he fought for American service. George made Hamilton both his assistant and adviser. Alexander put his skills with writing to work, for five years that he was working under Washington. He wrote crucial and critical letters for George Washington, and put together many reports for strategic reforms and the restructuring of the Continental Army. Around this time, Hamilton married Elizabeth Schuyler, who was from a wealthy New York family. They met at a Winters Ball, where she laid her eyes on him and fell in love with his charm and mind. Though, we dont know, it seemed Hamiltons intent was less than true love and more needing a steady income from a wealthy lady.

Pregnancy, Childbirth, And The Newborn The Complete Guide

As stated by Penny Simkin, April Bolding, Ann Keppler, Janelle Durham, and Janet Whalley, the authors of the number one best-selling book, Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Newborn: The Complete Guide, â€Å"While maternity care practices are continually changing the way women are helped to give birth, childbirth itself hasn’t changed. How a women’s body functions during pregnancy, labor, birth, and the postpartum period—and what she needs during these things—hasn’t changed since the beginning of humankind.† The process of birth is one of God’s greatest miracles. Although all babies go through the same stages of conception and development while in utero, that â€Å"average gestation period is 280 days, but it can be shorter or longer by as many as 14 days. At the end of the gestation period, the fetus has reached full term and is positioned for the birth process. The process, generally referred to as labor, includes three stages† ( Wittmer, Petersen, Puckett, 2013, pg. 103). However, not all babies are born through vaginal births and as technology has increased many doctors are beginning to see a trend of patients asking for elective C-sections for non-medical reasons for convenience and avoiding the pain of labor, as well as concerns about vaginal tearing, incontinence, or other complications. In my personal opinion, I believe that elective C-sections are unnecessary and should not be given as an option to the mother. Although many expectant mothers want to avoid the pain ofShow MoreRelatedThe Health And Delivery Nurses730 Words   |  3 Pagesof â€Å"bringing life into the world† meaning delivering babies. Labor and delivery nurses have the incredible opportunity to guide women and their families through one of the most transformative experiences of their lives – childbirth. Along with providing routine and emergency care to mothers, these nurses are often responsible for the initial stabil ization and care of the newborn immediately after birth. 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Although poor distribution of resources-whether due to harsh geographical or climate condition in a region, or due to poverty resulting from a lackRead MoreControversies in Childbirth Essay2181 Words   |  9 PagesContr oversies in Childbirth The United States still has one of the highest infant mortality rates as reported by CIA World Fact Book â€Å"United States 6.06 per 1,000† (Field Listing, 2008 p.1), as compared to other high income countries who employ midwives as mainstream for low-risk pregnant women. Research shows that midwife-attended births have fewer interventions, lower c-section rates, and offer more personal care for pregnant women. The problem with the current form of obstetrical care in theRead MoreAbortion Is A Highly Complex Issue Within Our Society Today1863 Words   |  8 Pagesfederally legal in the United States, it is a concern, which laces many elections and a substantial amount of legislation in every state. In fact, every state regulates abortion differently from the next. The reasons for choosing to terminate or bring a pregnancy to term are vast and multifaceted. Pro-life advocates support the abolition of abortion, while proponents of the pro-choice movement support a woman’ s right to choose. Because there are as many viewpoints as there are individuals, widespread supportRead MorePain Management For The Obstetric Patient2518 Words   |  11 Pages There are three stages of a pregnancy which start at conception and last until six weeks after the birth of the baby. The stages include antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum. Antepartum can be described as the period before childbirth, this would start at the time of conception until labor starts. Intrapartum is the labor stage of pregnancy. Intrapartum starts from the onset of labor until the delivery of the baby. Postpartum is the last stage of the pregnancy. This starts following the birthRead MoreTheu.s. National Library Of Medicine3035 Words   |  13 Pagesway. The current rate of cesarean birth is at 32.8%. This is a significant increase since 1996 when the rate was 20.9%. The World Health Organization stated in 1985 that â€Å"15% cesarean rate was ideal† and that this rate would hopefully â€Å"prevent childbirth injuries and deaths, but would help many women and babies avoid unnecessary surgery.† In 2009 they modified this statement. Now they state tha t the â€Å"optimum rate is unknown,† but very low or very high cesarean rates are dangerous. (Lake, 2012)Read MoreEssay about The Impact of Two Global Health Promotion Initiatives2942 Words   |  12 Pagesdefined in the Ottawa Charter as, â€Å"the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health† (2). It provides people with sufficient means or channels to achieve and maintain their health, which refers to, â€Å"A state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity†(3). The achievement of this state has been one of the major global challenges of the 21st century, especially in developing countries. The term developingRead MoreThe Impact Of Clinical Decision Support On Obstetrical Outcomes2793 Words   |  12 Pagesal., 2015) Prior European studies have indicated that 60-70% of maternal deaths are related to substandard care and up to 55% were preventable. It is assumed that these estimates would apply to care in the United States as well. (Chescheir, 2015) Childbirth complications across the United States vary widely from hospital to hospital. Glance, et al reported on rates of major complications (composite outcome) across the country and risk of complication in a low preforming hospital was doubled for vaginal

Managing Multinational Global Environment

Question: Discuss about theManaging Multinational for Global Environment. Answer: International Challenges and Possible Opportunities for Managers Operating in a Global Environment. International Challenges International marketing has its challenges and companies have realized that there are a lot of challenges when a company goes international. In this paper we are going to analyze the challenges and opportunities that a manager of a multinational company faces when setting up a company in the international markets (Bernaciak, n.d.). Companies have challenges when they are faced with multiple challenges both internal and external. Marketing executives sometimes get it wrong when launching the companys products in other countries, this is because they often think that the needs of the consumer in the foreign country are the same as those in the home country. Challenges Cultural Nuance Advertisement influences consumers to buy products. Companies rely on print and digital media such as magazines to create awareness on a companys goods and services. Most of these advertisements use humor to get the attention of the consumer (Boxall, Purcell, 2016). However, what may be considered funny in one culture may be considered an insult or confusing in other cultures. This is one of the challenges of a manager who is sent in another country because what motivates consumer to buy services and products of a company varies from country to country. Communication Barrier Business executives working in foreign countries find numerous barriers of effective communication. These may slow down the pace of negotiations. For example, Americans often like hurrying through negotiations , while in other countries, they emphasize on building relationships before considering the deal. In some countries, business executives may value more of facial expressions rather than the words. In some cases, there is complete lack of understanding due to the differences in languages therefore needing a translator in some situations (Briscoe, Tarique, Schuler, n.d.). Distance and Time: Even with the emergence of technology such as video conferencing, managers in foreign countries may prefer establishing personal relationships when conducting business. this call for business executives to travel often which may have a huge cost implication especially to small companies. It may also take a lot of time by having business executives out of office for extended periods. Coordination of projects where times there are time zone differences becomes difficult. Another challenge that managers who work in foreign markets encounter is finding trusted partners (Cooke, 2003). When a company wants to sell its products in a foreign country, it must hire trusted sales representatives who are based in the country they want to start selling their goods and products in. Sometimes its difficult to find trusted personnel in the foreign countries which becomes very difficult for the company to operate in. Finding Qualified Personnel This is another major challenge for managers who work in foreign countries. As we know that the success of a company is determined by its human resource, it is critical for the manager to hire competent and skilled workers to work for the company (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, n.d.). In some countries, especially the developing ones, finding skilled personnel may be challenging. For example, finding skilled personnel who can be trusted in carrying out a technical work is challenging enough. Thus the companies are forced to use their resources to train the staff that they intend to hire which is an additional cost to the company. Competition is yet another challenge for multinationals. The manager may find it difficult to compete with already exiting companies (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, n.d.). Consumers prefer services and products of companies that they are already familiar with. It therefore becomes difficult for managers of companies setting up in foreign markets to find the market accepting their products. Opportunities For Multinational companies, it is cheaper to higher labor. Local labor is considered cheap as compared to hiring an expatriate. One executive in Procter and Gamble said that hiring Chinese is equivalent to 1/3 of non Chinese hiring. Cheap raw materials: Mangers of multinationals find themselves producing their goods cheaply because of the availability of raw materials which ia cheap. They also get economies of scale when buying the raw materials. Challenges of International Competition and Expansion to Qantas Airways Qantas Airways is the Australian flag carrier and the largest by the fleet number in Australia, international destinations and international flights (Heidenreich, 2012). The organization was founded in 1920 and is the third oldest airline globally having almost a century in operation. But despite the rich history and the success written in its history, Qantas Airways has struggled in recent years and the flying kangaroo has had it rough for the last couple of years. The airline is based in Sydney, Australia and carries at least 14% of all passengers flying in and out of the country. Competitiveness in the Systemic Approach: Levels of Systemic Competitiveness. According to each level of the systemic approach and thanks to the interaction between all of them, I will focus the present work from the Micro level in order to see how the requirement of greater efficiency of the companies is a fundamental part of the competitiveness "To know is to compete with advantage" The most significant change in competitiveness of the company is the entry of other budgeted airlines operating in Australia. Many of the companies that are entering the aviation industry have come to change the dynamics of aviation in the country. Many of these young airlines are owned by billionaires and companies with a lot of liquidity thus making it easier to finance their entrance with penetration ease into the market (Papadopoulos, 2010). Qantas has had it very rough during the financial down turn which was global. The world economic slump affected all the nations but ultimately companies with a bigger global outlook took a bigger hit than smaller companies. Aviation industry was affected the most with stock shares plummeting. Qantas shares shed a 51%, a significant part of their capital was lost (Heidenreich, 2012). Shareholders lost a lot of value and money worth during the period. With these turn of event, the company has hard to go slow on their expansion strategies. There are other factors affecting the organizations ability to compete. Airlines such as fly emirates and KLM have come to compete for the same number of customers that were originally served by only Qantas airways. With reduced prices and better services, the two have been able to take over the international routes that were once a stable of Qantas. Qantas started to concentrate on domestic routes that it is dominating (Sjursen, 2000). The other challenge faced by Qantas is the staff turnover especially the skilled pilots and engineers who are running to seek better pay in international companies. Expansion has become so difficult due to the inability of Qantas to have a lot of cash for expansion. Mismanagement by the companies executive has also led to the airline struggling and the reason for its inability to go global. Consequently, world oil prices have risen in the recent past (Papadopoulos, 2010). Operational cost of most airlines in non OPEC countries, Australia included went up. High operational costs means that the company will earn little profits assuming the revenues remain relatively the same. Qantas has had the same fate in grappling with operational cost. Give your personal view of how some of the conflict generating and solutions could have been handled in a more effective process. While solving conflict generating issues and coming up with solutions, the following process must be followed in order to effectively generate solutions. The approach is started by; identifying issues concisely and clearly (Sjursen, 2000). The issues raised in this case are the challenges that affect Qantas Airways from expanding and competing internationally. The second approach is based on generating options. The solution to this problem is for the government to intervene. As a national carrier, the government must come to terms that its national glory of the airline is fast fading. Australian government must carry out proper feasibility test and find proper solutions to the airline. It needs to inject additional cash, to enable the company to get ways to start competing. Cash inflow is not the only solution (Sullivan, 2002). Hiring of competent staff and management to steer the company to the next level is fundamental. Strategies to win the war with competitors will be upped. Qantas has had it very rough during the financial down turn which was global. The world economic slump affected all the nations but ultimately companies with a bigger global outlook took a bigger hit than smaller companies. Dropping prices just to win of customers will be a step towards the right direction. It will attract a lot of customers back. The last step is to make available decision which is effective for the growth of the company (Gooderham, Nordhaug, 2005). Qantas Airways should hire the best consultants locally and internationally to come up with the best strategy for beating off competition.. High operational costs means that the company will earn little profits assuming the revenues remain relatively the same. Qantas has had the same fate in grappling with operational cost. Problem solving solutions have two basic parts that are conflict diagnosis and development of alternative solutions (Expansion of top level domains and its effect on competition, 2010). Qantas has an expansion and competition problem which should be solved by mutually acceptable solutions. Other strategies include expanding the pie or the base of operation, creating new interests to satisfy the market and making Qantas a world class Airline to compete with its peers globally. References Bernaciak, M.Market expansion and social dumping in Europe. Boxall, P., Purcell, J. (2016).Strategy and human resource management. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan education. Briscoe, D., Tarique, I., Schuler, R.International human resource management. Cooke, W. (2003).Multinational companies and global human resource strategies. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books. Expansion of top level domains and its effect on competition. (2010). Washington. Gooderham, P., Nordhaug, O. (2005).International management. Malden, Mass. [u.a.]: Blackwell Publ. Haugen, D., Mach, R. (2010).Globalization. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Heidenreich, M. (2012).Innovation and institutional embeddedness of multinational companies. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Hitt, M., Ireland, R., Hoskisson, R.Strategic management. Mattes, J. (2011).Innovation in Multinational Companies. Frankfurt: Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften. Papadopoulos, A. (2010).The international dimension of EU competition law and policy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Sjursen, K. (2000).Globalization. Bronx, N.Y.: H.W. Wilson Co. Sullivan, J. (2002).The future of corporate globalization(1st ed.). Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books. Waters, M. (2001).Globalization. London: Routledge. Zheng, C. (2010).People management challenges to multinational companies in Asia. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science.

Veterinary Essays - Animal Welfare, Beagle, Bo, Veterinary Physician

Veterinary When I first arrived "Lisa" The girl that I shadowed told me that there was an emergency with one of the animals. It ended up that a one-year-old beagle ate an entire thing of metabolite, and then slowly started to die. The liver had shut down, and the heart rate was up to 300. Lisa told me that taking a thing of metabolite was like taking 50 cups of coffee at once. The owners of the beagle were there and bowling. The beagle's name was Murry. Murry's body slowly was shutting down one thing after another. The owners made the decision the dog was going to be put to sleep. We got the dog ready to be taken out. They undid all the cords from the dog so they could take it to another room. I said goodbye to the dog, and then they took it into the other room so that the owners could be there when they put him to sleep. After that happened they then had to put a sleep a little hedgehog that had cancer on its mouth. We then did two regular checkups with one cat and with one dog. Those when great. After that we had a dog come in and it ended up having an affection that might end up killing it. I never heard the end result. The last thing that I did there was that a black lab had been bitten by another dog, and that dog ripped a hole in the neck of the black lab. The doctors had to perform surgery on the dog to close up the holes in the neck. They first had to clean it out with qutips. And blood stated to come out right then I was a little dizzy and I thought I was going to faint. But thank god I didn't. I saw a cat get dental work on it. And a cat get a bath and they had to blow dry it and brush the hair while it was a sleep. I thought that the work place environment was very clean and very professional. On my pictures on the poster it shows you that they even had a place for dogs to go in and a separate place for cats to go in they also have different waiting rooms for each of them. I could easily be able to work in a place that is that clean, and so organized. I learned multiple things there from chemicals how much they need how much they use math and science, to there organization skills, and there abillity to be able to communicate with the animals and be able to not cry ever time they have to put them to sleep. The things that they do hardly relate to what I'm doing in school right now, because I'm not that smart yet. But in science we are learning about different chemicals together and how they make a reaction. Also I'm learning how to keep everything nice and organized, so I know where everything that I need is. I observed many behaviors that they showed that would be important in a lot of jobs. One of those are there communication skills. To be able to work with many different people under the type of stress that they can be in is hard. That aplies to a lot of jobs because a lot of different jobs make you work under a lot of stress with many different people at the same time. There are countless skills that you take on with you to college or even work. Kindness, cleanness, organization, and most of all people skills with out that you not be able to handle being in a job with other people. Being a veterinarian is something that I have always even since I was a little girl have wanted to be. I have always loved animals expesialy dogs. I love to take care of them to train them, and most of all to make them feel better. This is exactly what a veterinarian does every day. Nothing was really bad about the job shadow. It was a great experience and I had a lot of fun. But one thing is the animals dying a dog and a hedgehog. It was really sad to see the owners crying, but to become a veterinarian you have to get used to being around animals dying , and putting them to sleep often. The thing that I liked

The Invention of Paper Money

The Invention of Paper Money Paper money is an invention of the Song Dynasty in China in the 11th century CE, nearly 20 centuries after the earliest known use of metal coins. While paper money was certainly easier to carry in large amounts, using paper money had its risks: counterfeiting and inflation. Earliest Money The earliest known form of money is also from China, a cast copper coin from the 11th century BCE, which was found in a Shang Dynasty tomb in China.  Metal coins, whether made from copper, silver, gold or other metals, have been used across the globe as units of trade and value.  They have advantages- they are durable, difficult to counterfeit, and they hold intrinsic value.  The big disadvantage?  If you have very many of them, they get heavy. For a couple thousand years after the coins were buried in that Shang tomb, however, merchants, traders, and customers in China had to put up with carrying coins, or with bartering goods for other goods directly.  Copper coins were designed with square holes in the middle so that they could be carried on a string.  For large transactions, traders calculated the price as the number of coin strings.  It was workable, but an unwieldy system at best. Paper Money Takes the Load Off During the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE), however, merchants began to leave those heavy strings of coins with a trustworthy agent, who would record how much money the merchant had on deposit on a piece of paper.  The paper, a sort of promissory note, could then be traded for goods, and the seller could go to the agent and redeem the note for the strings of coins.  With trade renewed along the Silk Road, this simplified cartage considerably.  These privately-produced promissory notes were still not true paper currency, however. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE), the government licensed specific deposit shops where people could leave their coins and receive notes.  In the 1100s, Song authorities decided to take direct control of this system, issuing the worlds first proper, government-produced paper money.  This money was called jiaozi.   Jiaozi to Chao to Djaou The Song established factories to print paper money with woodblocks, using six colors of ink.  The factories were located in Chengdu, Hangzhou, Huizhou, and Anqi, and each used different fiber mixes in their paper to discourage counterfeiting.  Early notes expired after three years, and could only be used in particular regions of the Song Empire. In 1265, the Song government introduced a truly national currency, printed to a single standard, usable across the empire, and backed by silver or gold.  It was available in denominations between one and one hundred strings of coins.  This currency lasted only nine years, however, as of the Song Dynasty tottered, falling to the Mongols in 1279. Mongol Influence The Mongol Yuan Dynasty, founded by Kublai Khan, issued its own form of paper currency called chao; the Mongols brought it to Persia where it was called djaou  or djaw.  The Mongols also showed it to Marco Polo during his stay in Kublai Khans court, where he was amazed by the idea of government-backed currency.  However, the paper money was not backed by gold or silver.  The short-lived Yuan Dynasty printed increasing amounts of the currency, leading to runaway inflation.  This problem was unresolved when the dynasty collapsed in 1368. Although the succeeding Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) also began by printing unbacked paper money, it suspended the program in 1450.  For much of the Ming era, silver was the currency of choice, including tons of Mexican and Peruvian ingots brought to China by Spanish traders.  Only in the last two, desperate years of Ming rule did the government print paper money, as it attempted to fend off the rebel Li Zicheng and his army.  China did not print paper money again until the 1890s when the Qing Dynasty began producing yuan. Sources Lande, Lawrence, and T. I. M. Congdon. John Law and the Invention of Paper Money. RSA Journal 139.5414 (1991): 916–28. Print.Lui, Francis T. Cagans Hypothesis and the First Nationwide Inflation of Paper Money in World History. Journal of Political Economy 91.6 (1983): 1067–74. Print.Pickering, John. The History of Paper Money in China. Journal of the American Oriental Society 1.2 (1844): 136–42. Print.

Writing two responses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing two responses - Essay Example The fact that the blog has focused on informing the people on solutions to modern problems attracted me to the blog. This is because it can help both the teachers and students who have been hard hit by the entry of social media and the internet which is making the students to waste a lot of their time. The current generation of young people needs to be introduced into the online platform at a very tender age. Initially, the learning process was monotonous because there were no creative ways of ensuring that the students remained motivated. The future of the current generation lies on the internet. It will dictate how people communicate, interact, transact, etc. Therefore, introducing new ways of learning through enabling the students to blog at a very tender age motivates them to learn more. However, a lot of care must be taken when taking up such interventions in order to avoid exposing the students to contents that might divert their attention from the studies. Nevertheless, if appropriate measures are taken to protect the young minds, internet can be used as a very effective tool for teaching the

Globalisation and Crime ( Criminology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Globalisation and Crime ( Criminology) - Essay Example Human trafficking is concerned only with trading of people and it does not necessarily include any kind of movement of people from one location to another. The annual international trade in relation to human trafficking constituted an amount of $31.6 billion (Anderson, 2000 ).The most popular – and fastest growing – activity of the criminal organizations that operate transnationally is that of human trafficking. According to international convention, the concept of human trafficking is related to violation of the basic human rights. It is even subjected to directive in the context of the European Union. Human trafficking can be further be defined as transport, recruitment, harbouring, selling and even receipt of people through some exploitative means such as threat, fraud, deception and force. The main forms of human trafficking comprise sexual exploitation, domestic servitude, labour exploitation, internal trafficking, organ trafficking, and child trafficking. There ha ve been policies and strategies that have been set forth by various nations, some of which are effective, but still this issue is growing and gaining more importance in the current decade. The main focus of human trafficking is in the areas of the trafficking of women. The key countries that constitute women trafficking are United Kingdom, eastern and central European countries (such as Hungary, Belarus, Lithuania or Ukraine), South East Asia, Latin America, West and East Africa. The countries in which there exists a great deal of woman trafficking are Germany, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Netherlands, and countries in which such trade is moderately high are Denmark, Austria, France, Spain, Poland, UK, Switzerland, Bosnia, Poland and Kosovo. Each country where such trafficking is a very serious issue has different statistics, which cannot be considered as a reliable source to predict the consequences that some

JetBlue Airways Corporation Essay Example for Free

JetBlue Airways Corporation Essay JetBlue Airways Corporation was formed in August 1998 as a low-fare, low-cost but high service passenger airline serving select United States market. JetBlues operations strategy was designed to achieve a low cost, whilst offering customers a pleasing and differentiated flying experience. JetBlue has had a successful business model and strong financial results during that period, and performed well in comparison to other airline companies in the US during the period between 2000 and 2003. It had been the only other airline apart from Southwest airlines, to have been profitable during the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks on World Trade Center, and at a time when the entire airline industry was experiencing losses. The core of JetBlues strategy was low operating cost achieved through a smaller and more productive workforce; utilizing aircraft efficiently; better use of technology to achieve lower distribution cost i.e. use of electronic ticket as against paper ticket; use of brand new single model planes that reduced maintenance costs and training costs at the same time. However, moving into the growth phase, JetBlue was contemplating expansion with the introduction of a new model of planes, i.e. Embraer E190, that are smaller than the A320s that they were using. These planes were to be utilized for penetrating mid-size cities and also during off-peak times on existing routes. The company defined these markets as destination with 100 to 600 local passengers per day each way, compared to the much larger markets that the company was serving with its A320s. This had potential implications for its low-cost strategy. Jetblues expansion required investments in areas other than just new aircraft. Owen needed to decide how to raise additional capital to fund the  companys growth. Investment bankers had presented two financing proposals; a new public equity offering and a private placement of convertible debentures. Own needed to decide which proposal, if any, to recommend to the board. QUESTION 1 PART A In early 2003, JetBlue continue to see opportunity to grow by adding both new market and new flight to existing destination. One of such new market where the company believed there was attractive opportunity was the mid-sized market segment which comprised of destinations with 100 600 local passengers per day each way. To accommodate this growth, the company is seeking to purchase 65 new Airbus A320, with an option to buy additional 50 new aircraft, and also committed to purchase 100 Embraer E190 aircraft, with the option to purchase 100 additional ones. Jetblue had embarked on a $6.8 billion plane acquisition program that would increase its aircraft fleet from 45 to 252, including existing aircraft purchase commitment. The company needs thus to think about a way to finance those acquisitions, as well as other needed investments such as spare parts, new engines, additional hangars and a flight training centre JOHN OWEN THE CFO OF JETBLUE IS TRYING TO DECIDE WHICH OF TWO FINANCING PROPOSALS (NEW PUBLIC EQUITY OFFERING AND A PRIVATE PLACEMENT OF CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURE) TO PURSUE. A straight equity issue will dilute his principal shareholders ownership, but favored a conservative capital structure that would help to ensure JetBlues financial flexibility, access to capital and a favorable lending rate. On the other hand, a convertible debt alternative seems less dilutive, and cheaper, but brings with it an increased risk of default and financial problems. PART B The financing decision taken by the CFO is important because of the positive impact it is expected to have on the current and future performance of the JetBlue. The considerations as regards impact of the financing decision are discussed; IMPACT ON CURRENT PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPANY It is expected that the new capital would ease Jetblues ability to finance its short term obligations as JetBlue does not have a line of credit, or short-term borrowing facility. Therefore, the company depends on its operating cash flow to finance its short-term obligations The new capital will be required to finance working capital requirement of Jetblue, Working capital is the short term resources that are used to manage the business on a daily basis. This is otherwise referred to as current asset. The financing decision which is aimed at securing the purchase of the new 100-seat Embraer E190 aircraft would allow JetBlue to enter smaller markets while maintaining low operating costs, and increase flight frequency on existing routes. The low fares offered by JetBlue would allow it to attract new passengers who might otherwise not fly. Earnings from this market segment is expected to contribute to the profitability and positive financial performance of the company IMPACT ON FUTURE PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPANY The additional capital is expected to strengthen the companys balance sheet at a time when JetBlue will be shouldering a significant amount of debt related to new aircraft deliveries. The decision on financing method would result in a strong capital structure for Jetblue which would ensure that the company would continue to grow while avoiding financial problems. The new cash inflow which is directed at ensuring JetBlue achieves its expansion activities. It is expected that the company will be in a position to purchase larger volumes of jet fuel and would thus have more leverage in procuring fuel than today. The company will thus suffer relatively less from fuel shortages and the negative impact a rise in fuel has an operating income QUESTION 2 PART A John Owen the CFO of JetBlue generally favored a conservative capital structure. A conservative funding strategy is when a firm finances both its seasonal and permanent requirement with long term debt. The criteria which John Owen used to evaluate his decision on the appropriate capital structure and mode of financing to support the expansion drive of the business are; FINANCIAL FLEXIBILITY: This refers to the firms ability to take advantage of unforeseen opportunities or their ability to deal with expected events depending on the firms financial policies and financial structure. A firm with a high debt obligation and weak solvency and liquidity is not financially flexible. FAVORABLE LENDING RATE: The lending rate to a business varies directly with the risk associated with any given financial structure which can be accessed by leverage analysis. It is expected that a higher leverage (as a result of accepting debt offering) tends to amplify a firms predictable business swings i.e. associated risk. This inclines to increase lending rate to the firm and ultimately result in an unfavorable lending rate. CONTROL: The financing scheme of a company can imply changes in control constrains on the firm, this can be indicated by percentage distribution of share ownership and structure of debt covenant. There is a high chance that the board of directors will not favor the equity offering as they were  sensitive about the dilution (i.e. control dilution) that an equity offering would cause to existing shareholders. INCOME: This compares financing tactics on the basis of their effect on value creation and distribution i.e. the impact on Earnings per share (EPS) and Return on equity (ROE). The debt option limited the ability of Jetblue to manage one of the airlines principal risk; rising fuel prices. As discussed above, the debt offering afforded Jetblue less financial flexibility. If fuel prices rose unexpectedly, operating income will decline thus hurting JetBlues ability to meet the additional debt service payments. PART B Other criteria John Owen could use to evaluate his decision on the appropriate capital structure and mode of financing are; Timing: This considers whether the current capital market environment is the right time to implement any alternative financial structure and what the implication for future financing will be if the proposed structure is adopted. Financial market condition often favour one or another kind of financing. Others: This is the consideration of the impact of the alternative financing choice on other issues and vice versa. An example is the ability to use collateral to reduce the costs and risk of debt financing and the effect of various financing tactics on the liquidity of investment. REASONS WHY JOHN OWEN SHOULD PROPOSE THE EQUITY FINANCING OPTION From the above analysis, it can be deduced that using equity financing option minimizes the companys weighted average cost of capital, thus maximizes the overall stock price of the company and the shareholders wealth. The NPV of the company is higher under the equity financing option JetBlue, as any airline company has a debt to equity ratio of 61.21% and incurs very high fixed costs as a result of high value operating property and equipment. An equity offering would increase the financial flexibility of the company. The company has a very high operating leverage as a result of variability in fuel price. This exposes the company to the risk of cash flow projections errors in case it does not meet the projected revenues figures. Any variation in the estimated revenues, might lead the company to a position where it could not meet its financial obligations related to debt. From this point of view, JetBlue needs to secure its cash flows. This can be achieved using equity financing. The lending rate to a business varies directly with the risk associated with any given financial structure which can be accessed by leverage analysis. Issuing equity will reduce the leverage of business and reduce lending rate. PART C Other financing option I would like to recommend to the board and John Owen are; JetBlue can consider some other alternatives as well. Indeed, the company can issue some preferred stock. This stock might be considered as equity in accounting, to strengthen the balance sheet of the company, but will at the same time accommodate the board members concern about dilution. Another alternative might be the issuance of simple corporate bonds. The coupon rate for those will however be higher than the 3.5% of the convertible bonds. This option will thus cost more for JetBlue than convertible bonds QUESTION 4 PART A Aviation fuel cost is the second largest operating cost in the airline industry after payroll, this has significant impact on operating and financing risks of a company. IMPACT ON OPERATING RISK: In 2002, JetBlues fuel cost amounted to $76 million or 14.4% of operating cost. In the event that fuel prices rises, there will be a significant drop in operating income and higher exposure to operating risk (risk created by operating leverage). Operating leverage is the magnification of the top half of the income statement, it measures how EBIT changes in response to changes  in sale, and the relevant cost is the fixed cost of operating the business. It is expected that as operating leverage increase due to jet fuel increase, the operating risk of the business likewise increases. IMPACT ON FINANCING RISK In the event that jet fuel rises, it is expected that operating profit will drop and operating leverage would increase. This will also hurt JetBlues ability to meet the additional debt service payment i.e. it may face risk of default or potential financial loss which is known as financial risk. Financing risk is the risk associated with financing and its created by financial leverage. Financial leverage is the magnification of the bottom half of the income statement, it measures how EPS (earnings per share) changes in response to changes in sale, and the relevant cost is the fixed cost of financing, in particular interest. PART B The operating and financing risk exposure of JetBlue through rising fuel price of JetBlue has being managed in the past through hedging 75% of its fuel using a combination of CALL OPTIONS, SWAPS AND COLLARS hedging instrument. PART C HEDGING: Fuel hedging is a contractual tool some large fuel consuming companies such as airlines (JetBlue) use to reduce their expose to volatile and potentially rising fuel cost. A fuel hedge contract allows a large fuel consuming company to lock in the cost of future fuel purchase, allowing an increasing number of airlines to avoid surprises from unforeseen cost fluctuations. The hedging could be done via a commodity swap or option. One of the basic reasons why a company enters into hedging contract is to mitigate their exposure to future fuel prices that may be higher than current prices and/or  to establish a known fuel cost for budgeting and predictability of earnings. PRINCIPAL WAYS JETBLUE HAS BEING USING HEDGING TO MANAGE FUEL PRICING RISK: Jetblue is a small airline which had less leverage in procuring large volume of jet fuel in order to mitigate risk of volatility or shortage of jet fuel. In order to mitigate fuel pricing risk, Jetblue used a combination of fuel call option, swaps and collars hedging instrument. From time to time Jetblue has simply bought call options which tend to be at least $5 per barrel. HOW THE HEDGING INSTRUMENT WORKS The hedging instrument mostly used by JetBlue is the call option. CALL OPTION: This is a financial contract between two parties, the buyer and the seller of this type of option. The buyer of the option has the right but not the obligation to buy an agreed quantity of a particular commodity (jet fuel) from the seller of the option at a certain time (the expiration date for European call option or at any time during the life of the option for American call option) for a certain price (the strike price). The seller is obligated to sell the commodity (jet fuel) or financial instrument should the buyer so decide. The buyer pays a fee called a premium for this right. In the case JetBlue, the premium it pays is at least $5 per barrel. SWAPS: Swaps are tailor made futures contract whereby an airline exchanges payment at a future date (which can be in jet aviation fuel and could be further into the future into the future than possible through commodity exchanges), based on the fuel or oil price. There could be an arrangement with a supplier such as Air BP. The airline would buy a swap for a period of say one year at a certain strike price for a specified amount of jet fuel per month. The average price for that month is then compared with the strike price, and if it exceeds it the counter-party would pay the airline the difference times the amount of fuel. However, if it were lower, then the airline would pay the difference. They lock in a given price, as with forward contacts. COLLARS: This is a combination of a call and a put option. The call protects the holder from adverse price increases above its strike price, at a cost of the option premium that would be paid in any event. The holder of this call also writes a put option that limits the advantage it can take of price reduction below its strike price. The total cost of taking the two options is the call option premium paid less the put option premium received. A collar limits the speculative risk to a small range of price moves and locks in the price that will be paid for fuel between two known values.

Christianity vs. Entrapment in OConnor Wise Blood Essay -- OConnor W

Christianity vs. Entrapment in O'Connor's Wise Blood      Ã‚  Ã‚   In "The Cage of Matter: The World as Zoo in Flannery O'Connor's Wise Blood," William Rodney Allen addresses the "reverse evolution" of Enoch Emery and the "inverted quest for salvation" of Hazel Motes, suggesting a parallel between the two main characters of O'Connor's novel which reinforces its theme of the utter hopelessness of those who reject or mock Christ. Allen shows that O'Connor describes the spiritually devoid characters in her book in animal-like terms, equating faithless humans with soulless animals. The essay further asserts that O'Connor uses the zoo as a metaphor for a physical world that entraps those without spirituality. Indeed, the novel shows a world of madness, seemingly empty of values and without meaning, which becomes a prison for those who can find no enlightenment. However, O'Connor herself once stated that "Wise Blood is a very hopeful book." This statement, along with the fact of her devout Catholicism, illuminates O'Connor's theme of Christia nity as a prerequisite for enlightenment and deli...

Chris Mccandless’ Death “Into the Wild” Essay

Many people have come to the conclusion that Chris McCandless’ untimely death was a result of his arrogant nature or a possible psychological disorder. However, his death was caused by a simple mistake, his lack of geographical knowledge, and his desire to find himself. When Krakauer’s moving article in Outside magazine was published, copious amounts of hate mail was received regarding McCandless’ cause of death. Initially it was believed that he mistook two similar plants, the wild potato and the toxic wild sweet pea, then accidentally poisoned himself when consuming their seeds. Alaskan residents dubbed McCandless as â€Å"ignorant† and â€Å"unprepared† for supposedly confusing the similar plants. After further research Krakauer discovered that McCandless was poisoned by the wild potato plant’s seeds, which were not described as toxic in any published text. This ill-fated blunder does not show incompetence specific to McCandless, as most people would have made the same decisions. There have been scores of young men lacking common sense who wander out into the wilderness to attain meaning and do not return. Several of them, including John Waterman and Carl McCunn, were similar to Chris, but in pivotal ways their stories were deviating. John Waterman was severely traumatized and obviously mentally ill. Chris was neither of those things. Additionally, Chris was not expecting to be rescued after making a dim-witted mistake, like Carl McCunn. Krakauer stated that â€Å"It is not unusual for a young man to be drawn to a pursuit considered reckless by his elders.† Chris may have lacked some common sense, but conceited qualities did not contribute to his downfall. His drive to push himself past his limits contributed to his demise, not superciliousness. Perhaps the most tragic notion of McCandless’ death is how simply it could have been avoided. Unbeknownst to Chris, there were multiple cabins a few miles from the Fairbanks bus 142. Each was stocked with food and survival supplies. This knowledge could have easily prevented his death. Crossing the Teklanika River was one of the important factors that inhibited McCandless from leaving the wild. He was not aware that downstream in the vicinity of the bus there was a gorge that allowed safe transit across the river. A gauging station was also close by. It would have allowed him to cross the river with ease since hunters had placed the basket on the bus-side of the river. It is overwhelming to imagine the extents to which McCandless suffered physically and mentally, when salvation was so near to him. A simple topographic map would have almost certainly saved his life. McCandless was not arrogant, a sociopath, or an idiot, like so many have stated. He may have lacked the common sense to buy a map, but was in no way incompetent. He also made some mistakes that anyone who was not a trained botanist would have made, and was like many young men in that he pushed himself to the extreme limits. Chris McCandless’ story is not unique because he ventured out into the unforgiving wild. It is captivating because McCandless gave up everything to find himself, even if he ended up being lost on the way.

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